48:37
Isolating Pure Cannabinoids with Chromatography
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About the talk
Various forms of chromatography coupled with adsorbents have been applied in the cannabis/hemp technology platforms both on an analytical as well as a processing scale. This presentation will emphasize the use of the various modes of chromatography on the process scale for the further purification of extracts and isolation of pure cannabinoids and terpene-enriched fractions, although synchrony and non-synchrony with analytical methods will be cited. Examples of frontal, displacement, and elution modes of chromatography as applied to the purification of the cannabinoid and terpene compounds found in cannabis or hemp – which will include the more simple adsorbent-based isolation of desired components as well as the more complex procedures employing countercurrent partition chromatography (CPC), simulated moving bed techniques (SMB), as well as columnar elution chromatography. These advantages/disadvantages of these techniques will be discussed along with the use of solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbent approaches, matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD), size exclusion chromatography (SEC) media and molecular-imprinted polymers to fractionate both wanted and unwanted components from cannabis/hemp extracts. Useful correlations will be provided based on analytical-scale separation of cannabinoids and COA analysis with solute (cannabinoid) properties such retention capacity factors (k’), solubility parameters (δ), and breakthrough volumes (BTVs). A particular emphasis will be placed on the role of sub- and super-critical fluid chromatography (SFC) as a “green” technology to complement SFE using (CO2), based on the presenter’s 55 years of experience in the field. The combination of SFC with SFE provides a viable alternative to the use of organic solvent media in chromatography-based purifications often utilized in CPC and countercurrent chromatography (CCC). Parallels will be drawn between SFC use in food industry that can also be utilized in the separating the components found in cannabis or hemp concentrates. Finally some examples pertinent in the cannabis and hemp field, such as THC-removal, terpene trapping, and the removal of lipid- or wax-co-extractives along with unwanted compounds having chromaphoric (color) properties will be described.
00:00 Intro
04:50 Chromatography in cannabis or hemp processing
09:24 Green high-pressure solvents, reaction media, chromatography
14:05 Isomerization
19:19 Sour diesel
24:51 CBN isolation
29:37 SMB system
35:03 Experimental conditions
40:06 Canada case
43:50 Commercial hemp oils
About speaker
Dr. King’s research and teaching focus is in the area of chemical separations, particularly in the use of sub- and supercritical fluids for chemical processing. Research is conducted to develop environmentally-benign methodology using compressed carbon dioxide and/or water as media for conducting extractions and reactions of natural/agricultural products, CO2 – based cleaning technology, as well as application to materials modification. These efforts have resulted in approximately 250 publications and 3 patents to date and many national/international presentations. A current research focus is to optimize the use of hot compressed water as a selective extraction agent or medium in which to process biomass. Using the above approach, coupled unit processes are developed with respect to yielding a sustainable “green” process, which has been optimized with respect to thermodynamics and mass transfer principles. Experimental approaches involve the measurement of high pressure phase equilibrium, solute solubility measurements in compressed fluids, and the use of chromatographic methods for physicochemical properties determination.
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